India is known for its robust and elite commando forces that are tasked with some of the most critical and dangerous missions. These commandos are specially trained to handle counter-terrorism, hostage rescue, and other high-risk operations. Here, we explore the top 10 commando units in India, delving into their history, training, notable missions, and much more.
National Security Guard (NSG)
Introduction:
The National Security Guard (NSG), also known as the Black Cats, is one of the most elite and premier commando units in India. Established in 1984, it is primarily responsible for counter-terrorism and anti-hijacking operations.
History and Formation:
The NSG was formed in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star and the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi to combat terrorism in India. It draws its personnel from both the Indian Army and central armed police forces.
Training and Skills:
NSG commandos undergo rigorous training at the Manesar NSG Training Centre, which includes physical fitness, weapons training, urban combat, counter-terrorism, and anti-hijacking drills.
Notable Missions:
Operation Black Thunder (1986 and 1988)
Akshardham Temple attack (2002)
26/11 Mumbai attacks (2008)
Equipment:
NSG commandos are equipped with advanced weaponry and gear, including MP5 submachine guns, sniper rifles, bulletproof vests, and night vision equipment.
Para Commandos (Indian Army)
Introduction:
The Para Commandos are a special forces unit of the Indian Army, known for their versatility and ability to operate in various terrains. They are part of the Parachute Regiment and are among the oldest special forces in India.
History and Formation:
The Para Commandos trace their roots back to the formation of the Parachute Regiment in 1945. The unit has since evolved to include specialized commando battalions.
Training and Skills:
Training for Para Commandos is extremely demanding and includes parachuting, hand-to-hand combat, guerrilla warfare, and survival skills. The probation period, known as the “Balidan Badge” phase, is one of the toughest in the world.
Notable Missions:
Operation Bluestar (1984)
Kargil War (1999)
Surgical Strikes in Myanmar (2015) and Pakistan (2016)
Equipment:
Para Commandos are equipped with Tavor TAR-21 assault rifles, AK-47s, and advanced communication systems.
MARCOS (Marine Commandos)
Introduction:
The Marine Commandos, commonly known as MARCOS, are the special operations unit of the Indian Navy. They are trained for amphibious warfare, counter-terrorism, and special reconnaissance.
History and Formation:
MARCOS was officially established in 1987, drawing inspiration from the US Navy SEALs and British SAS. They were initially called the Marine Commando Force (MCF).
Training and Skills:
MARCOS undergo a grueling training regimen that includes basic commando training, specialized maritime training, and a “hell week” designed to test their endurance and resilience.
Notable Missions:
Operation Pawan in Sri Lanka (1987-1990)
Mumbai attacks (2008)
Anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden
Equipment:
MARCOS commandos are equipped with Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine guns, AK-103 rifles, and specialized diving equipment.
Garud Commando Force (Indian Air Force)
Introduction:
The Garud Commando Force is the special forces unit of the Indian Air Force. Established to protect airbases and respond to emergencies, they also participate in counter-terrorism and rescue operations.
History and Formation:
Formed in 2004, the Garud Commando Force was created following the Kargil War to address the need for a dedicated air force commando unit.
Training and Skills:
Garud commandos undergo rigorous training in airborne operations, close combat, and various rescue missions. Their training also includes survival, evasion, resistance, and escape (SERE).
Notable Missions:
Pathankot Air Base attack (2016)
Counter-terrorism operations in Jammu and Kashmir
Equipment:
Garud commandos are equipped with Tavor TAR-21 assault rifles, Glock pistols, and state-of-the-art communication gear.
Special Frontier Force (SFF)
Introduction:
The Special Frontier Force (SFF), also known as Establishment 22, is a covert paramilitary unit that operates under the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW). They are known for their high-altitude warfare capabilities.
History and Formation:
The SFF was formed in 1962, following the Indo-China war. It mainly comprises Tibetan refugees and is headquartered in Chakrata, Uttarakhand.
Training and Skills:
SFF commandos are trained in guerrilla warfare, high-altitude survival, and specialized combat techniques. They also receive training from foreign special forces.
Notable Missions:
Operation Eagle (1971)
Kargil War (1999)
Recent skirmishes in Eastern Ladakh (2020)
Equipment:
SFF commandos use AK-47s, INSAS rifles, and specialized high-altitude gear.
COBRA (Commando Battalion for Resolute Action)
Introduction:
COBRA is a specialized unit of the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) trained to tackle insurgency and guerrilla warfare. They are primarily deployed in Naxal-affected areas.
History and Formation:
COBRA was established in 2008 to specifically deal with the Maoist insurgency. They are known for their agility and expertise in jungle warfare.
Training and Skills:
COBRA commandos undergo extensive training in jungle warfare, ambush techniques, and explosives handling. Their training emphasizes physical fitness and mental toughness.
Notable Missions:
Numerous anti-Naxal operations in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, and Odisha
Operation Green Hunt (2009-2010)
Equipment:
COBRA commandos are equipped with AK-47s, INSAS rifles, grenade launchers, and jungle survival gear.
Ghatak Force (Indian Army)
Introduction:
The Ghatak Force is an infantry platoon in each battalion of the Indian Army. They act as shock troops and lead assaults ahead of the battalion.
History and Formation:
Ghatak platoons have been part of the Indian Army for decades, evolving from the traditional commando platoons.
Training and Skills:
Ghatak commandos receive training in unarmed combat, demolitions, navigation, and specialized infantry tactics. They are also trained in airborne operations.
Notable Missions:
Kargil War (1999)
Various counter-insurgency operations in Jammu and Kashmir
Equipment:
Ghatak commandos are equipped with Tavor TAR-21 rifles, under-barrel grenade launchers, and advanced optical sights.
Force One (Mumbai Police)
Introduction:
Force One is an elite commando unit of the Mumbai Police, created in the aftermath of the 26/11 Mumbai attacks. They are specialized in counter-terrorism and hostage rescue operations.
History and Formation:
Formed in 2009, Force One was established to enhance Mumbai’s capability to respond to terror threats and urban warfare situations.
Training and Skills:
Force One commandos undergo training in urban warfare, close-quarters combat, and counter-terrorism tactics. Their training also includes advanced marksmanship and tactical driving.
Notable Missions:
Vigilant patrolling and security during high-profile events in Mumbai
Quick response to terror threats in the city
Equipment:
Force One commandos use MP5 submachine guns, AK-47s, and advanced tactical gear, including bulletproof vests and night vision devices.
National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)
Introduction:
The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is a specialized unit for disaster response and rescue operations in India. Though not a traditional commando unit, their role in disaster management is crucial.
History and Formation:
NDRF was established in 2006 under the Disaster Management Act. It comprises personnel from various central armed police forces.
Training and Skills:
NDRF personnel are trained in disaster response techniques, including search and rescue, medical aid, and chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) emergencies.
Notable Missions:
Earthquake rescue operations in Nepal (2015)
Flood relief operations across India
Equipment:
NDRF uses specialized equipment for search and rescue, including life detectors, inflatable boats, and medical kits.
Greyhounds (Andhra Pradesh Police)
Introduction:
The Greyhounds are a special police unit in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, known for their effectiveness in anti-Naxal operations.
History and Formation:
Formed in 1989, the Greyhounds have played a significant role in combating Maoist insurgency in the region.
Training and Skills:
Greyhound commandos undergo rigorous training in jungle warfare, guerrilla tactics, and intelligence gathering. Their training is tailored to counter the Maoist tactics.
Notable Missions:
Numerous successful operations against Maoist leaders and camps
Reducing Naxal influence in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
Equipment:
Greyhounds are equipped with modern weaponry, including AK-47s, INSAS rifles, and advanced communication systems.
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India’s commando forces are a testament to the country’s commitment to maintaining internal security and responding to various threats. Each unit, with its unique capabilities and specialized training, plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and security of the nation. From counter-terrorism to disaster response, these commandos are always prepared to serve and protect.